“貧窮”的標準在非洲適用嗎◕│？
What is something most people don''t know about Africa?
譯文簡介
自給自足的生活也是一種思路◕•，有的“貧窮”並非真的貧窮₪◕╃。
正文翻譯
Innocent Masengo
That most Africans are poor, not because they really are poor, but because someone decides to describe them as such.
My grandfather is ‘poor’. He certainly lives on “less than a dollar a day”. He is now 95 years old. In his nine and a half decades on earth, he has never lacked, and he has never begged. He only attended one year at a mission school in the 1930s and learnt how to read and write. This is how he pulls it off:
大多數非洲人很窮◕•，不是因為他們真的很窮◕•，而是因為有人故意這麼形容他們₪◕╃。
我爺爺很“窮”₪◕╃。他的生活費“每天不到一美元”₪◕╃。他現在95歲了₪◕╃。在他在世的90年裡◕•，他從未缺乏過◕•，也從未乞求過₪◕╃。上世紀30年代◕•，他只在教會學校上了一年學讀寫₪◕╃。他是這樣做到的:
That most Africans are poor, not because they really are poor, but because someone decides to describe them as such.
My grandfather is ‘poor’. He certainly lives on “less than a dollar a day”. He is now 95 years old. In his nine and a half decades on earth, he has never lacked, and he has never begged. He only attended one year at a mission school in the 1930s and learnt how to read and write. This is how he pulls it off:
大多數非洲人很窮◕•，不是因為他們真的很窮◕•，而是因為有人故意這麼形容他們₪◕╃。
我爺爺很“窮”₪◕╃。他的生活費“每天不到一美元”₪◕╃。他現在95歲了₪◕╃。在他在世的90年裡◕•，他從未缺乏過◕•，也從未乞求過₪◕╃。上世紀30年代◕•，他只在教會學校上了一年學讀寫₪◕╃。他是這樣做到的:
When he wants food, he goes to the banana plantation, looks at tens of bunches of matooke (banana) and decides which to harvest for the day’s dinner. Adjacent to the plantation is a sweet potato garden, cassava garden, yams and finger millet. To the south of the banana plantation are beans, cow peas or peanuts gardens. Down the valley is grazing land with tens of Frisian and cross-breed cattle. They provide him with milk daily, 365 days a year.
He also has about 20 goats. In Uganda, goat milk was generally not considered palatable, possibly due to the abundance of cow milk, so we never milked goats. He would sell a couple of them to supplement income from other produce to send his children to school. He also reared a couple of chickens, more as a hobby.
The farm produces more than he can consume. He sells the surplus to afford such essential services as kerosene (recently upgraded to solar), soap, sugar (at his age he no longer takes sugar, he uses honey — doctor’s orders).
當他想吃東西的時候◕•，他就去香蕉種植園◕•，看看幾十串香蕉◕•，然後決定收割哪一串作為當天的晚餐₪◕╃。毗鄰種植園的是紅薯園▩◕、木薯園▩◕、山藥和穇子₪◕╃。香蕉種植園的南面是豆類▩◕、豇豆或花生園₪◕╃。山谷盡頭是牧場◕•，有數十頭弗里斯蘭牛和雜交牛₪◕╃。他們每天都給他提供牛奶◕•，一年365天₪◕╃。
他還有大約20只山羊₪◕╃。在烏干達◕•，羊奶一般不被認為是可口的◕•，可能是由於牛奶的豐富◕•，所以我們從不擠羊奶₪◕╃。他會賣掉其中幾隻以貼補其他農產品的收入◕•，供孩子們上學₪◕╃。他還養了幾隻雞◕•，更像是一種愛好₪◕╃。
農場生產的東西他吃不完₪◕╃。他把剩餘的糧食賣掉◕•，以購買煤油(最近已升級為太陽能)▩◕、肥皂▩◕、糖(他這個年紀已經不吃糖了◕•，只吃蜂蜜——這是醫生的指示)等基本服務₪◕╃。
He also has about 20 goats. In Uganda, goat milk was generally not considered palatable, possibly due to the abundance of cow milk, so we never milked goats. He would sell a couple of them to supplement income from other produce to send his children to school. He also reared a couple of chickens, more as a hobby.
The farm produces more than he can consume. He sells the surplus to afford such essential services as kerosene (recently upgraded to solar), soap, sugar (at his age he no longer takes sugar, he uses honey — doctor’s orders).
當他想吃東西的時候◕•，他就去香蕉種植園◕•，看看幾十串香蕉◕•，然後決定收割哪一串作為當天的晚餐₪◕╃。毗鄰種植園的是紅薯園▩◕、木薯園▩◕、山藥和穇子₪◕╃。香蕉種植園的南面是豆類▩◕、豇豆或花生園₪◕╃。山谷盡頭是牧場◕•，有數十頭弗里斯蘭牛和雜交牛₪◕╃。他們每天都給他提供牛奶◕•，一年365天₪◕╃。
他還有大約20只山羊₪◕╃。在烏干達◕•，羊奶一般不被認為是可口的◕•，可能是由於牛奶的豐富◕•，所以我們從不擠羊奶₪◕╃。他會賣掉其中幾隻以貼補其他農產品的收入◕•，供孩子們上學₪◕╃。他還養了幾隻雞◕•，更像是一種愛好₪◕╃。
農場生產的東西他吃不完₪◕╃。他把剩餘的糧食賣掉◕•，以購買煤油(最近已升級為太陽能)▩◕、肥皂▩◕、糖(他這個年紀已經不吃糖了◕•，只吃蜂蜜——這是醫生的指示)等基本服務₪◕╃。
Scattered across the farm are sugarcane (for eating, not for making sugar) and fruit trees (guava, mango, pawpaw, avocado, orange, passion fruit, pineapple). He drinks fresh juice from mangoes and passion fruit. As is evident, everything here is on a subsistence basis, but very organic. He has done this for the past 75 years.
He had eleven children, my mother being his first born. He sent all of them to school, saw eight of them through college. He sold at least two cows, some goats and some produce each school term to send his children to school.
I went to live at grandfather’s place when I was 5 years old. I left when I was 14 (my family lived in an urban area). I learnt how to farm, milk cows, tether goats, harvest fruits (by climbing the fruit tree) and harvesting honey (at night using smoke).
農場裡散落著甘蔗(用來食用◕•，不是用來製糖)和果樹(番石榴▩◕、芒果▩◕、木瓜▩◕、鱷梨▩◕、橙子▩◕、百香果▩◕、菠蘿)₪◕╃。他喝新鮮的芒果汁和百香果汁₪◕╃。很明顯◕•，這裡的一切都是自給自足的◕•，但都是有機的₪◕╃。在過去的75年裡◕•，他一直這樣做₪◕╃。
他有11個孩子◕•，我母親是第一個孩子₪◕╃。他把他們都送進了學校◕•，其中八個人讀完了大學₪◕╃。為了送孩子們上學◕•，他每個學期都要賣掉至少兩頭牛▩◕、幾隻山羊和一些農產品₪◕╃。
我5歲的時候去爺爺家住₪◕╃。我14歲的時候就離開了(我家住在市區)₪◕╃。我學會了如何耕種▩◕、擠牛奶▩◕、拴山羊▩◕、收割水果(爬上果樹)和採蜜(晚上用煙燻)₪◕╃。
He had eleven children, my mother being his first born. He sent all of them to school, saw eight of them through college. He sold at least two cows, some goats and some produce each school term to send his children to school.
I went to live at grandfather’s place when I was 5 years old. I left when I was 14 (my family lived in an urban area). I learnt how to farm, milk cows, tether goats, harvest fruits (by climbing the fruit tree) and harvesting honey (at night using smoke).
農場裡散落著甘蔗(用來食用◕•，不是用來製糖)和果樹(番石榴▩◕、芒果▩◕、木瓜▩◕、鱷梨▩◕、橙子▩◕、百香果▩◕、菠蘿)₪◕╃。他喝新鮮的芒果汁和百香果汁₪◕╃。很明顯◕•，這裡的一切都是自給自足的◕•，但都是有機的₪◕╃。在過去的75年裡◕•，他一直這樣做₪◕╃。
他有11個孩子◕•，我母親是第一個孩子₪◕╃。他把他們都送進了學校◕•，其中八個人讀完了大學₪◕╃。為了送孩子們上學◕•，他每個學期都要賣掉至少兩頭牛▩◕、幾隻山羊和一些農產品₪◕╃。
我5歲的時候去爺爺家住₪◕╃。我14歲的時候就離開了(我家住在市區)₪◕╃。我學會了如何耕種▩◕、擠牛奶▩◕、拴山羊▩◕、收割水果(爬上果樹)和採蜜(晚上用煙燻)₪◕╃。
Why the long story?
My grandfather, just like millions of other Africans that live like him, is considered poor. He rarely holds money, and he rarely needs it. He produces most of what he needs. But using the standard World Bank/IMF descxtion of ‘poor’, my grandfather is poor. I live in the city and earn about USD 12,000 a year after tax, which in Uganda is a decent salary. But I can hardly match my grandfather in terms of providing for my family with fresh milk, fresh food and fresh fruits.
This is one thing most people that watch International media do not know about Africa: not all Africans are poor, many simply live differently than you.
為什麼講這麼長?
我的祖父◕•，就像數百萬像他一樣生活的非洲人一樣◕•，被認為是窮人₪◕╃。他很少持有錢◕•，也很少需要錢₪◕╃。他生產了大部分他需要的東西₪◕╃。但是◕•，按照世界銀行/國際貨幣基金組織對“貧窮”的標準描述◕•，我的祖父是貧窮的₪◕╃。我住在城市裡◕•，稅後年收入約1.2萬美元◕•，這在烏干達是一份不錯的薪水₪◕╃。但在為家人提供新鮮牛奶▩◕、新鮮食物和新鮮水果方面◕•，我幾乎比不上我祖父₪◕╃。
這是大多數看國際媒體的人不知道的一件事:並不是所有的非洲人都很窮◕•，許多人只是生活方式與你不同₪◕╃。
My grandfather, just like millions of other Africans that live like him, is considered poor. He rarely holds money, and he rarely needs it. He produces most of what he needs. But using the standard World Bank/IMF descxtion of ‘poor’, my grandfather is poor. I live in the city and earn about USD 12,000 a year after tax, which in Uganda is a decent salary. But I can hardly match my grandfather in terms of providing for my family with fresh milk, fresh food and fresh fruits.
This is one thing most people that watch International media do not know about Africa: not all Africans are poor, many simply live differently than you.
為什麼講這麼長?
我的祖父◕•，就像數百萬像他一樣生活的非洲人一樣◕•，被認為是窮人₪◕╃。他很少持有錢◕•，也很少需要錢₪◕╃。他生產了大部分他需要的東西₪◕╃。但是◕•，按照世界銀行/國際貨幣基金組織對“貧窮”的標準描述◕•，我的祖父是貧窮的₪◕╃。我住在城市裡◕•，稅後年收入約1.2萬美元◕•，這在烏干達是一份不錯的薪水₪◕╃。但在為家人提供新鮮牛奶▩◕、新鮮食物和新鮮水果方面◕•，我幾乎比不上我祖父₪◕╃。
這是大多數看國際媒體的人不知道的一件事:並不是所有的非洲人都很窮◕•，許多人只是生活方式與你不同₪◕╃。
Ugandan farmer riding bananas from his farm to the market. Most people from other backgrounds would pity him, and consider him ‘poor’.
烏干達農民載著香蕉從他的農場去市場₪◕╃。大多數來自其他背景的人都會同情他◕•，認為他很“窮”₪◕╃。
原創翻譯◕✘✘│◕：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請註明出處
評論翻譯
相關連結
-
- 為什麼東南亞比東亞貧窮?有什麼原因嗎? 2023/01/06 13785 31 0
-
- 不討喜觀點討論◕✘✘│◕：北美成年人的著裝標準在倒退◕•，過於隨意/青少年化 2022/12/24 11175 17 0
-
- 為什麼拉丁美洲如何的貧窮◕│？ 2022/11/17 11336 35 0
-
- 為什麼大多數窮人仍然貧窮（三） 2022/10/25 2550 16 0
-
- 為什麼大多數窮人仍然貧窮（二） 2022/10/23 2563 1 0
-
- 為什麼大多數窮人仍然貧窮（一） 2022/10/19 2435 0 0
-
- 為什麼一些貧窮的非洲國家長期接受西方的“發展援助”但卻越來越窮◕│？ 2022/09/01 13178 16 0
-
- 非洲之所以貧窮是因為被殖民嗎◕│？如果殖民從未發生過◕•，非洲會是什麼 2022/07/08 10750 41 0
This is an interesting perspective. Never occured to me until now. Your grandfather is a champ. 95 years and still going. I need to pay visit for a lesson on how to last that long. I enjoyed reading your poetic-style written answer. Thank you
這是一個有趣的觀點₪◕╃。直到現在我才知道₪◕╃。你爺爺是個“冠軍”₪◕╃。95年了◕•，還在活躍₪◕╃。我得去上一堂如何活那麼久的課₪◕╃。我喜歡讀你詩意的書面回答₪◕╃。謝謝你✘│╃•！
He just described in detail how his grandfather lasted that long: You stay active, outside, take good care of what you own, you eat properly grown, fresh fruit and no bullshit, and you stay in touch with people. No stress, no offices, no hyper processed foods, no sitting still all day.
他只是詳細描述了他祖父是如何活了那麼久的:你要保持活躍◕•，在戶外◕•，照顧好自己的東西◕•，你吃正確種植的新鮮水果◕•，不要胡扯◕•，你要和人們保持聯絡₪◕╃。沒有壓力◕•，沒有辦公室◕•，沒有過度加工的食品◕•，不用整天坐著不動₪◕╃。
This is a very good answer. With lots of food for thought and amazing comments.
What is clear is that there’s a flaw in the World Bank’s definition of the poor. Perhaps it needs to be upxed.
My grandmother lives like this. The only money she ever spends is to buy salt, sugar and soap. She grows her own food, has a few cows that give her milk, butter, yoghurt, etc. She makes all the diary products herself. She rarely eats or buys meat and probably doesn’t even want it. She is not rich but she has led a good life.
這是一個很好的答案₪◕╃。有很多值得深思的地方和令人驚奇的評論₪◕╃。
很明顯◕•，世界銀行對貧困人口的定義存在缺陷₪◕╃。也許它需要更新了₪◕╃。
我奶奶就是這樣生活的₪◕╃。她唯一花過的錢就是買鹽▩◕、糖和肥皂₪◕╃。她自己種植食物◕•，有幾頭奶牛為她提供牛奶▩◕、黃油▩◕、酸奶等₪◕╃。所有的奶製品都是她自己做的₪◕╃。她很少吃肉或買肉◕•，甚至可能根本不想吃肉₪◕╃。她並不富裕◕•，但她過著很好的生活₪◕╃。
And sadly, she is called poor and needy. Yet she lacks nothing.
可悲的是◕•，她被稱為貧窮和需要關注的₪◕╃。然而她什麼都不缺₪◕╃。
Self sustenance a great experience, subsistence is not inadequacy but it is self satisfaction those who experience it only understand its value. Though one is considered as poor but he live his life independently such an independence is possible only in the farming.
You answer though is simple but it is a reflection of honesty and innocence, one of the best I have read on quora.
自給自足是一種很棒的體驗◕•，自給自足不是不足◕•，而是自我滿足◕•，只有經歷過它的人才能理解它的價值₪◕╃。雖然一個人被認為是窮人◕•，但他獨立地過著自己的生活◕•，這種獨立性只有在農業中才有可能₪◕╃。
你的回答雖然很簡單◕•，但卻反映了誠實和純真◕•，這是我在 quora 上讀過的最好的答案之一₪◕╃。
Poverty measurement is a useful economtric tool. How else would you know if there ws a progress or not. But this tool has been abused too much. It doesnt always makes sense for everyday people. In my country, mongolia you are regarded as poor if you have 200 or less sheep.
貧困度量是一個有用的計量工具₪◕╃。否則你怎麼知道是否有進展₪◕╃。但是這個工具被濫用得太多了₪◕╃。這對普通人來說並不總是有意義的₪◕╃。在我的國家蒙古◕•，如果你有200只或更少的羊◕•，你就被認為是窮人₪◕╃。
Damn. Not only am I considered a broke-ass mofo here in the U.S., but in Mongolia as well. Double-damn!
該死的₪◕╃。在美國◕•，我不僅被認為是個窮光蛋◕•，在蒙古也一樣₪◕╃。兩個都該死₪◕╃。
Then I am already very poor. i don’t have a single sheep. Somebody please provide me some subsidies◕│？
那我已經很窮了₪◕╃。我一隻羊也沒有₪◕╃。誰能給我一些補貼◕│？
You can always find a bunch of sheep loitering in front of an Apple store during the launching date of a new iPhone. We never had any shortage of them.
在新款iPhone釋出的日子裡◕•，你總能看到一群綿羊在蘋果專賣店門口閒逛₪◕╃。我們從來不缺他們₪◕╃。
That’s also partly because people don’t understand the difference between the exchange rate and local buying power. They hear that somebody’s salary in a third world country is equivalent to say £5 a week and they think oh, how shocking, these poor people have to live on £5 a week - but the currency of third world countries tends to be disproportionately undervalued, and in terms of its purchasing power that person’s income is probably more like £50 or £100 a week. Or, as you say, they may have their own smallholding and be growing most of what they need, so their money income is just for things like clothes and petrol. And they probably own their house and work within walking distance, so they don’t have rent or mortgages or fares to worry about.
這在一定程度上也是因為人們不瞭解匯率和當地購買力之間的差異₪◕╃。他們聽說在第三世界國家某人的工資相當於每週5英鎊◕•，他們會想◕•，哦◕•，多麼令人震驚◕•，這些窮人不得不每週靠5英鎊生活◕•，但第三世界國家的貨幣往往被不成比例地低估◕•，就其購買力而言◕•，那個人的收入可能更像是每週50或100英鎊₪◕╃。或者◕•，就像你說的◕•，他們可能有自己的小農場◕•，種植大部分他們需要的東西◕•，所以他們的貨幣收入只用於購買衣服和汽油等東西₪◕╃。他們可能有自己的房子◕•，工作地點步行就能到◕•，所以他們不用擔心房租▩◕、抵押貸款或車費問題₪◕╃。
原創翻譯◕✘✘│◕：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請註明出處
Correct. Economists call this “purchasing power parity” and it’s good to adjust for this when comparing countries.
正確的₪◕╃。經濟學家稱之為“購買力平價”◕•，比較各國時最好對此進行調整₪◕╃。
Accurate. I live in Bangladesh and although a lot of middle class families have the ability to buy a basic PC here, software and games would be so ridiculously expensive if converted according to their native price that most stores that sell these sell cracked, pirated copies. It’s the reason why piracy is so rampant in developing countries. We can afford hardware just fine, it’s the software that can’t be price converted reasonably. And that’s because of this disproportionate undervaluing that you’ve mentioned. I’ve never seen a game store here that actually sells legit consoles or games because no one would ever buy them.
準確的₪◕╃。我住在孟加拉國◕•，雖然很多中產階級家庭有能力在這裡購買一臺基本的個人電腦◕•，但如果按照本地價格換算◕•，軟體和遊戲會貴得離譜◕•，以至於大多數商店都出售破解的盜版版本₪◕╃。這就是為什麼盜版在發展中國家如此猖獗的原因₪◕╃。我們能買得起硬體◕•，但軟體不能合理地轉換價格₪◕╃。這是因為你提到的不相稱的低估₪◕╃。我從未見過一家遊戲商店真正出售合法的主機或遊戲◕•，因為沒有人會買它們₪◕╃。
You left out that he has property, real-estate and animals, which arr similr to a Westerner owning $300,000 in assets no?
你忽略了他有財產▩◕、不動產和動物◕•，這類似於一個擁有30萬美元資產的西方人◕•，不是嗎◕│？
原創翻譯◕✘✘│◕：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請註明出處
The real problem is present economic models can’t measure the production value of historic, civilizational and traditional lifestyles. It can only measure what the western world thinks measurable.
What you wrote about your grandparents is also true for most of Indians.
真正的問題是◕•，目前的經濟模式無法衡量歷史▩◕、文明和傳統生活方式的生產價值₪◕╃。它只能衡量西方世界認為可以衡量的東西₪◕╃。
你寫的關於你祖父母的事情對大多數印度人來說也是正確的₪◕╃。
I am glad that you can relate to it. And yes, a one-size-fits-all kind of scale is fundamentally flawed.
我很高興你能理解它₪◕╃。是的◕•，一種放之四海而皆準的標準從根本上是有缺陷的₪◕╃。
Whats worse they use this metric and then they want to “help”. Looks like their idea of help is to loan money to buy the useless crap that would turn an environmentally-friendly lifestyle into an urban mess and only benefit the big businesses in the process.
更糟糕的是◕•，他們使用這個指標◕•，然後他們想要“幫助”₪◕╃。看起來他們所謂的幫助就是借錢去買那些沒用的垃圾◕•，這些垃圾會把環保的生活方式變成城市的混亂◕•，而且在這個過程中只會讓大企業受益₪◕╃。
Western society has spent two centuries making aspects of life as “legible” as possible for metrics like this. For instance, a housewife’s work at home was originally excluded from GDP numbers, but if that housewife works for a salary and pays someone to do what was previously her work at home then it’s all now “legible” to GDP metrics.
Africans haven’t wasted nearly so much time doing this.
The future belongs to those who understand the illegible.
西方社會已經花了兩個世紀的時間◕•，使生活的各個方面儘可能“清晰”地使用這樣的指標₪◕╃。例如◕•，家庭主婦在家中的工作最初被排除在GDP資料之外◕•，但如果家庭主婦為薪水工作◕•，並支付某人做她以前在家中工作的工作◕•，那麼現在就可以“清晰”地衡量GDP了₪◕╃。
非洲人沒有浪費這麼多時間做這件事₪◕╃。
未來屬於那些難以看清的人₪◕╃。
Your answer is very well written, convincing and even poetic, but unfortunately I’m really skeptical that your 95-year-old grandfather is representative of the general citizens living in Africa and the average African peasant. I do believe you, but when I also consider many totally non-monetary measures of poverty, like life expectancy, undernourishment rate, infant mortality and so on, the pictures for most African countries are still v.e.r.y problematic. Living myself in an underdeveloped country with high level of inequality, I know rural life can be simple but wonderful when you own a fertile piece of land and a good number of domesticated animals, but it’s definitely very harsh when you own just a tiny land or you’re not a land owner.
你的回答寫得很好◕•，令人信服◕•，甚至富有詩意◕•，但不幸的是◕•，我真的懷疑你95歲的祖父是生活在非洲的普通公民和普通非洲農民的代表₪◕╃。我確實相信你◕•，但當我也考慮到許多完全非貨幣的貧困衡量標準時◕•，比如預期壽命▩◕、營養不良率▩◕、嬰兒死亡率等等◕•，大多數非洲國家的情況仍然存在很多問題₪◕╃。我生活在一個不發達▩◕、不平等程度很高的國家◕•，我知道當你擁有一塊肥沃的土地和大量的家養動物時◕•，農村生活可以簡單而美好◕•，但當你只有一小塊土地或你不是土地所有者時◕•，生活肯定是非常殘酷的₪◕╃。
原創翻譯◕✘✘│◕：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請註明出處
Yes, his point was that not all ‘poor’ are poor. Many people in developing and underdeveloped countries have farming only for self-sustenance, and many people live decent lives.
There are huge problems of poverty, malnutrition, education etc. but the point is that western measures of poverty are not always the best.
是的◕•，他的觀點是◕•，並非所有的“窮人”都是窮人₪◕╃。在發展中國家和欠發達國家◕•，很多人種地只是為了餬口◕•，也有很多人過著體面的生活₪◕╃。
貧困▩◕、營養不良▩◕、教育等問題非常嚴重◕•，但關鍵是西方衡量貧困的標準並不總是最好的₪◕╃。
The real point of this is that, while perhaps maybe there is as you suggest “real poverty” in Africa (= low life expectancy, undernutrition, infant mortality, etc.) - it shows there is also something else which is neither this ‘real poverty’ nor western style opulence. Which suggests that you don’t necessarily need to make western style opulence to get away from “real poverty”, and that’s an important lesson I’d think especially given concerns about environmental sustainability, etc. - which do you think is more “green” eh? The West, or this “not-rich-not-poor” living? It shows there may be other paths to “development” - such as focusing on improving this kind of wealth, instead of, or at least more prioritized than, western style urbanization with attendant massive resource consumption, etc.
真正的問題是◕•，也許也許像你說的那樣◕•，非洲有“真正的貧困”(=低預期壽命◕•，營養不良◕•，嬰兒死亡率等)◕•，但這也表明◕•，還有一些東西既不是“真正的貧困”◕•，也不是西方式的富裕₪◕╃。這表明你不一定需要西式的富裕來擺脫“真正的貧困”◕•，我認為這是一個重要的教訓◕•，尤其是考慮到環境的可持續性◕•，等等——你認為哪個更“綠色”◕•，嗯?西方◕•，還是這種“不富不窮”的生活?這表明“發展”可能有其他的路徑——比如專注於改善這種財富◕•，而不是◕•，或者至少比伴隨著大量資源消耗的西方式城市化更優先◕•，等等₪◕╃。
I am a European African. Ie white African. His answer is spot on. Many Rural African do live as described, and thus well below the poverty line. The thing is any of these people are happy and in terms of Maslow their basic needs are being very well met.
我是歐裔非洲人₪◕╃。即非洲白人₪◕╃。他的回答很正確₪◕╃。許多非洲農村人的生活確實如描述的那樣◕•，因此遠遠低於貧困線₪◕╃。這些人都很快樂◕•，根據馬斯洛理論◕•，他們的基本需求得到了很好的滿足₪◕╃。
原創翻譯◕✘✘│◕：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請註明出處
Finally someone called out on the bullshit definition of poverty as defined by the western world. Thanks for posting an answer which concurs with my school of thought.
最後◕•，有人大聲疾呼西方世界對貧困的定義是胡說八道₪◕╃。謝謝你發表了一個與我想法一致的答案₪◕╃。
I am from the Western world, and I agree, the definition of poverty most of us use is based on our way of life. Having both traveled and being well read, as well as an amateur historian, it always drives me crazy that a person who can supply their own needs, who is self sufficient, is often described as “poor”.
我來自西方世界◕•，我同意◕•，我們大多數人對貧困的定義是基於我們的生活方式₪◕╃。我旅行過◕•，讀過很多書◕•，還是個業餘歷史學家◕•，一個能自給自足的人經常被描述為“窮人”◕•，這總是讓我抓狂₪◕╃。
While the answer is insightful, poverty measurement is not simply about physical obxts like milk and bananas.
It is about safety-nets and opportunities in life.
What happens in case of diseases or epidemics - how far is the nearest clinic? What happens in case of wildfires or floods?
What happens in case of impending political conflicts - can you move and change job? What happens if someone inflicts harm on you - do you have course for justice?
Poverty means living and dying with the land, and being unable to escape that fate.
雖然答案很有見地◕•，但衡量貧困並不僅僅是牛奶和香蕉這樣的實物₪◕╃。
它與生活中的保障體系和機會密切相關₪◕╃。
如果發生疾病或流行病◕•，最近的診所有多遠?如果發生野火或洪水會發生什麼◕│？
萬一發生政治衝突怎麼辦——你能搬家換工作嗎?如果有人傷害了你◕•，你有伸張正義的辦法嗎?
貧窮意味著與土地同生同死◕•，無法逃避這種命運₪◕╃。