為什麼巴黎的摩天大樓這麼少·▩▩☁？
Why does Paris have so few skyscrapers?
譯文簡介
1853年至1870年期間◕✘·，喬治-歐仁-豪斯曼對巴黎進行了全面翻新↟↟☁。
正文翻譯
Why does Paris have so few skyscrapers?
為什麼巴黎的摩天大樓這麼少·▩▩☁？
原創翻譯↟•│◕：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請註明出處
評論翻譯
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1/ Paris was entirely renovated between 1853 and 1870 by Georges-Eugène Haussmann. One key feature of that gigantic public works program was the set of regulations defining the apartment buildings themselves — known as Haussmannian buildings — that, among other things, limited the number of floors to 6. Since these buildings are pretty nice and became a characteristic feature of modern Paris, there is a general feeling that they should remain in place as originally designed.
Now, why would you build higher buildings? Well, probably because you mean to increase density. Which leads us to my second point.
2/ These regulations never changed because it wasn’t needed. It happen that Haussmannian buildings as they were designed in the XIXth century already allow to build extremely dense blocks. The most striking example lies at the intersection of the rue Eugene Sue and the rue Simart (see picture below): even using the Parisian average of 35 m² per inhabitant, such blocks could potentially accommodate something like 100’000 people per km².
As a result, Paris is much denser than New-York and the 11th, 18th, 20th, 10th and 17th arrondissements (5 out of 20) are even denser than Manhattan.
1/ 1853年至1870年期間◕✘·，喬治-歐仁-豪斯曼對巴黎進行了全面翻新↟↟☁。這個龐大的公共工程專案的一個關鍵特徵是一套定義公寓樓本身的規定--被稱為豪斯曼式建築--除其他外◕✘·，將樓層數限制在6層↟↟☁。由於這些建築相當漂亮◕✘·，併成為現代巴黎的一個特徵◕✘·，人們普遍認為它們應該保持最初的設計↟↟☁。
現在◕✘·，你為什麼要建造更高的建築·▩▩☁？嗯◕✘·，可能是因為你想增加密度↟↟☁。這就引出了我的第二個觀點↟↟☁。
2/ 這些規定從未改變過◕✘·，因為它不需要↟↟☁。在十九世紀設計的豪斯曼尼式建築已經允許建造極其密集的街區↟↟☁。最突出的例子是在尤金蘇街和西馬爾街的交匯處（見下圖）↟•│◕：即使按照巴黎平均每個居民35平方米的面積計算◕✘·，這樣的街區也有可能容納每平方公里100'000人↟↟☁。
因此◕✘·，巴黎的人口密度比紐約高得多◕✘·，第11₪☁▩、18₪☁▩、20₪☁▩、10和17區（20個區中的5個區）的人口密度甚至超過曼哈頓↟↟☁。
Marc Green
Also, I think every single Parisian hates La Defense and would likely stage a revolt if someone suggested building more towers like it.
另外◕✘·，我認為每個巴黎人都討厭拉德芳斯◕✘·，如果有人建議建造更多類似的塔樓◕✘·，他們可能會發動叛亂↟↟☁。
（拉德芳斯↟•│◕：是巴黎都會區首要的中心商務區◕✘·，位於巴黎城西的上塞納省◕✘·，鄰近塞納河畔納伊↟↟☁。其涵蓋的市鎮包括庫爾貝瓦以及皮託和南泰爾的一部分↟↟☁。作為歐洲最完善的商務區◕✘·，拉德芳斯是法國經濟繁榮的象徵↟↟☁。）
I would be happy to cross the Channel to offer my support.
我很樂意跨越海峽來提供我的支援↟↟☁。
Skyscrapers are usually more office space than residential space. Even in Manhattan, the areas with highest population density have mostly buildings with 6 stories or less. The areas full of skyscrapers usually have lower population density than neighborhoods such as the East Village where the buildings aren't any taller than in Paris.
摩天大樓通常是辦公空間多於住宅空間↟↟☁。即使在曼哈頓◕✘·，人口密度最高的地區也大多是6層以下的建築↟↟☁。摩天大樓林立的地區人口密度通常低於東村等街區◕✘·，那裡的建築物並不比巴黎高↟↟☁。
It's quiet opposite in Chicago. It seems like the office space skyscrapers are things of the past, with so many working remotely these days. Old office buildings are being converted into the condos and all new constructions are residential.
這和芝加哥倒是不太一樣↟↟☁。辦公空間的摩天大樓似乎已成為過去◕✘·，如今有如此多的人遠端工作↟↟☁。舊辦公樓正在改建為公寓◕✘·，所有新建築都是住宅↟↟☁。
In Colombia it is occurring the opposite. Skyscrapers are being built to lodge families, so there are entire neighborhoods with new high blocks of apartments and usually they are for high class people.
在哥倫比亞◕✘·，情況正好相反↟↟☁。摩天大樓的建造是為了安置家庭◕✘·，因此有些社群整個都是高層公寓◕✘·，通常是為上層人士提供的↟↟☁。
Actually this is starting to happen in Manhattan too, a lot of the new and ugly “tall pencil” buildings are that
其實這種情況在曼哈頓也開始發生了◕✘·，很多新的₪☁▩、醜陋的"長鉛筆"建築就是這樣
Horizontal skyscraper?
水平的摩天大樓·▩▩☁？
More or less. The key thing is that Haussmanian buildings allow to exploit almost every square meter of land in a bloc (you just need courtyards to let the light and air flow in the middle of a bloc). Besides, limited height allows to save stairways / elevators space inside the building.
差不多吧↟↟☁。最關鍵的是◕✘·，豪斯曼式的建築幾乎可以利用區塊內的每一平方米的土地（你只需要在區塊中間有個庭院◕✘·，讓光線和空氣流通）↟↟☁。此外◕✘·，有限的高度可以節省建築物內的樓梯/電梯空間↟↟☁。
Also, Paris sits on a a honeycomb of limestone that has been slowly excavated one cubic meter at a time for centuries for shelter, tombs, building material, etc. Under the surface, it’s essentially a giant man-made ant colony.
此外◕✘·，巴黎坐落在一個蜂窩狀的石灰石上◕✘·，幾個世紀以來◕✘·，這些石灰石被一立方米一立方米地慢慢挖掘出來◕✘·，用於建造住所₪☁▩、墳墓和建築材料等↟↟☁。在表面之下◕✘·，它基本上是一個巨大的人造蟻窩↟↟☁。
That complex seems very claustrophobic.
As I’ve heard New York is loosing its pop density nowadays.
In Budapest they are building the city's. first skyscraper. Most people against it
那個建築群看起來非常幽閉↟↟☁。
我聽說紐約現在的人口密度正在下降↟↟☁。
在布達佩斯◕✘·，他們正在建造城市的第一座摩天大樓↟↟☁。大多數人表示反對
New York City gained 600,000 people in the 2020 census
Manhattan’s population actually peaked in 1910, so it is less dense now - as the population spread out over Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx
在2020年的人口普查中◕✘·，紐約市增加了60萬人口
曼哈頓的人口實際上在1910年達到頂峰◕✘·，所以現在的人口密度較低--因為人口分散在布魯克林₪☁▩、皇后區和布朗克斯地區
It looks claustrophobic from the air, but that isn’t how apartments or spaces are felt from the ground. If you stood in one of those tiny light well courtyards it might feel a bit oppressive, but otherwise you are fine.
從空中看是挺幽閉的◕✘·，但從地面上看公寓或空間則是完全不一樣的感覺↟↟☁。如果你站在那些狹小的光井院子裡◕✘·，可能會覺得有點壓抑◕✘·，但除此之外◕✘·，你不會有什麼問題↟↟☁。
The French are a proud people who do not view their country as a culture-less void hence they do not want to be flooded by cheap Americanised designs.
French architecture is an amalgamation of many ancient civilisations such as the ancient Greeks, Romans ect. It draws inspiration from the French renaissance and gothic movements. There is a lot of thought that went into these buildings which would be washed away with fast constructed sky scrapers.
法國人是一個驕傲的民族◕✘·，他們不認為自己的國家是一個沒有文化的空白◕✘·，因此他們不希望被廉價的美國化設計所淹沒↟↟☁。
法國建築是許多古老文明的綜合體◕✘·，如古希臘₪☁▩、古羅馬等↟↟☁。它從法國文藝復興和哥特式運動中獲得了靈感↟↟☁。這些建築有很多的想法◕✘·，而這些想法會被快速建造的摩天大樓沖走↟↟☁。
Duly noted - but a lot of thought goes into “American skyscrapers” and cities as well, the priorities are just different and therefore the outcomes are as well. That said, I much prefer Singapore’s approach to tall buildings over most of the U.S. approach.
我注意到了--但"美國的摩天大樓"和城市也有很多想法◕✘·，只是優先事項不同◕✘·，因此結果也不同↟↟☁。話雖如此◕✘·，我更喜歡新加坡對高樓的做法◕✘·，而不是美國的大多數做法↟↟☁。
Skyscrapers mostly developed during 60’s and 70’s. There are some in Paris, mostly in the “front de seine” district just south of the Eiffel tower, and in the 13th district. Those buildings are mostly residential. They offer very nice views, but they are not very beautiful from the outside. They don’t have the charm of late 19th century buildings that people like in Paris.
Also, fire regulation requirements are very high in France. Many fire systems have to be built and properly maintained, and you have to pay an onsite skilled fire service 24/7 (costs hundreds of thousand euros per year per building).
There is a quite a strong opposition to tower buildings in France, so there aren’t many new projects. Some new skyscrapers were recently built near quai d’Ivry, and a big office building is being built at Porte de Versailles (tour Triangle). Maybe a new era for skyscrapers, with much attention paid to design and energy consumption.
摩天大樓大多在60年代和70年代發展起來↟↟☁。在巴黎有一些◕✘·，主要是在埃菲爾鐵塔以南的"上塞納河"區◕✘·，以及第13區↟↟☁。這些建築大多是住宅↟↟☁。它們提供了非常好的景觀◕✘·，但從外面看並不是非常漂亮↟↟☁。它們沒有巴黎人喜歡的19世紀末建築的魅力↟↟☁。
另外◕✘·，法國的消防法規要求非常高↟↟☁。必須建造和妥善維護許多消防系統◕✘·，並且你必須支付 24/7 全天候現場熟練消防服務費用（每棟建築每年花費數十萬歐元）↟↟☁。
在法國◕✘·，人們對塔式建築有相當強烈的反對◕✘·，所以新專案不多↟↟☁。最近◕✘·，一些新的摩天大樓在伊夫裡區附近建成◕✘·，在凡爾賽門正在建造一個大型的辦公大樓↟↟☁。也許這是一個摩天大樓的新時代◕✘·，非常注重設計和能源消耗↟↟☁。
There is another reason. Paris was built with stones fron it’s caves underground. So buildings too tall would be too heavy and would collapse because of the caves under the streets.
還有另一個原因↟↟☁。巴黎是用地下洞穴裡的石頭建造的↟↟☁。所以建築物太高會太重◕✘·，會因為街道下的洞穴而倒塌↟↟☁。
Most people would not pay attention to the fact that due to the age of the buildings they were designed based upon natural lighting. Electricity was not common at the time and thus every apartment needed a window.
大多數人不會注意到這樣一個事實◕✘·，即由於建築的年代◕✘·，它們是基於自然採光而設計的↟↟☁。當時電力並不常見◕✘·，因此每個公寓都需要一個窗戶↟↟☁。
原創翻譯↟•│◕：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請註明出處
Yes….They do not have big and tall buildings in most of the tourist visited areas of Paris. But, there are several skyscrapers in La Defense region of Paris (including that only Tower in Montparnasse), where offices of big corporations and conglomerates are located. Tourist usually do not visit those areas.
是的……在巴黎的大部分旅遊區◕✘·，他們都沒有高大的建築物↟↟☁。但是◕✘·，巴黎的拉德芳斯區有幾座摩天大樓（包括蒙帕納斯唯一的那座塔）◕✘·，大公司和企業集團的辦公室都在那裡↟↟☁。遊客通常不會去那些地區↟↟☁。
Before Haussmann Paris was a dirty city with small filthy narrow roads with gutter right in the middle. Circulation was uneasy and diseases where spreading fast. The work of Haussmann was to open and modernize the city. The big Avenues and Boulevard have been drawn on paper mostly regardless of what was on the ground. Then on site they did cut through the existing. The ““Tour Saint Jacques” in Paris for example is what is left of a former church that has been demolished to open Boulevard Sebastopol and by straightening the Rue de Rivoli. A big and modern sewage system was also constructed under those big roads!
在豪斯曼之前◕✘·，巴黎是一座骯髒的城市◕✘·，道路狹窄₪☁▩、骯髒◕✘·，中間有排水溝↟↟☁。流通不暢◕✘·，疾病傳播迅速↟↟☁。豪斯曼的工作是開闊城市並使之現代化↟↟☁。大街和林蔭大道大多是在紙上畫出來的◕✘·，而不管當時地面上有什麼↟↟☁。然後在現場他們推倒了現有的東西↟↟☁。例如◕✘·，巴黎的“聖雅克塔”是一座前教堂的遺蹟◕✘·，該教堂已被拆除以開放塞巴斯托波爾大道並拉直裡沃利大街↟↟☁。那些大馬路底下還建設了一個龐大而現代化的汙水處理系統│☁₪₪◕！
Interesting. Is it a design goal to ensure that every home receives direct sunlight for a reasonable amount of time a day even in winters?
有意思↟↟☁。確保每個家庭即使在冬天也能在合理的時間內每天接受陽光直射是設計目標嗎·▩▩☁？
Not to mention, higher buildings require stronger foundations, but the underground of Paris totally does not fit this, between the underground train lines, the catacombs, former rock mines, underground parking lots, prowimity to the Seine river …. there are not many places in the capital that could actually handle a scyscraper.
更不用說◕✘·，更高的建築需要更堅固的地基◕✘·，但巴黎的地下完全不適合這個◕✘·，地下火車線路₪☁▩、地下墓穴₪☁▩、前巖礦₪☁▩、地下停車場₪☁▩、塞納河附近……首都能真正容得下一座摩天輪的地方並不多↟↟☁。
There is more to it than this.
The Haussmann redevelopment of Paris, one of the defining features of the city you see today, took place between 1853-1870.
This was in the period immediately before innovations in construction technology (especially steel frxs and elevators) led to the era of early skyscrapers in the 1880s-1890s.
During this period (pre-1880) it was normal for major cities in industrialised countries to be built relatively low rise and at high density. Even in New York City the very tallest buildings built prior to the 1880s topped out at around 10 storeys.
Paris has historically placed height limits on development but what really sets it apart is what happened in the latter half of the 20th century when skyscrapers became a ubiquitous feature of major cities around the world. Height restrictions were relaxed in Paris in the 1960s, leading to the construction of the 60 storey Tour Montparnasse which was completed in 1973. Parisians didn’t much like what they saw and swiftly imposed a new 7-storey height limit to preserve the character of the city. This is why there is only one skyscraper in central Paris.
Of course there are plenty of skyscrapers elsewhere in the wider metropolitan area, for example at La Défense.
不僅如此↟↟☁。
巴黎的豪斯曼重建◕✘·，是你今天看到的城市的標誌性特徵之一◕✘·，發生在1853-1870年間↟↟☁。
這是在建築技術創新（尤其是鋼架和電梯）導致 1880 年代至 1890 年代早期摩天大樓時代到來之前的時期↟↟☁。
在此期間（1880 年之前）◕✘·，工業化國家的主要城市建設相對低層和高密度是正常的↟↟☁。即使在紐約市◕✘·，1880 年代之前建造的最高建築物也只有 10 層左右↟↟☁。
巴黎在歷史上對城市的發展進行了高度限制◕✘·，但真正使其與眾不同的是20世紀後半葉發生的事情◕✘·，當時摩天大樓成為世界上主要城市的一個普遍特徵↟↟☁。20世紀60年代◕✘·，巴黎放寬了高度限制◕✘·，導致了60層的蒙帕納斯大廈的建造◕✘·，該大廈於1973年竣工↟↟☁。巴黎人不太喜歡他們所看到的◕✘·，並迅速實施了新的7層樓的高度限制◕✘·，以保護城市的特色↟↟☁。這就是為什麼巴黎市中心只有一棟摩天大樓的原因↟↟☁。
當然◕✘·，在更廣泛的大都市地區的其他地方也有很多摩天大樓◕✘·，例如在拉德芳斯↟↟☁。
原創翻譯↟•│◕：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請註明出處
Because of the monstrosity that is Tour Montparnasse - the first and only skyscraper in Paris central.
Clearly someone forgot to throw away the box that the Eiffel tower was delivered in.
The viewing floor at the top of Tour Montparnasse has however the best view in Paris - because it is the only place you can’t see Tour Montparnasse.
Sensibly the highrise buildings have been concentrated in La Defense, the business district - outside the center, revitalizing what was a decrepit area a few decades ago.
因為蒙帕納斯大廈這個怪物--巴黎市中心的第一座也是唯一的一座摩天大樓↟↟☁。
顯然◕✘·，有人忘了扔掉埃菲爾鐵塔交付時的盒子↟↟☁。
然而◕✘·，蒙帕納斯大廈頂部的觀景臺擁有全巴黎最好的景觀 --因為它是唯一看不到蒙帕納斯大廈的地方↟↟☁。
理智地講◕✘·，高層建築都集中在拉德芳斯的商業區--在市中心之外◕✘·，使幾十年前還是一個破敗的地區重新煥發活力↟↟☁。
I have no love for the Tour Montparnasse, and it will never have the admirers the Eiffel Tower has, but the same thing was once said by critics of it…that dining at the Eiffel tower was worth it because you couldn’t see the Eiffel tower from there.
我不喜歡蒙帕納斯大廈◕✘·，它永遠不會有埃菲爾鐵塔的崇拜者◕✘·，但批評者曾經說過同樣的話……在埃菲爾鐵塔用餐是值得的◕✘·，因為從那裡你看不到埃菲爾鐵塔↟↟☁。
原創翻譯↟•│◕：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請註明出處
High rises and ugly modern architecture were a favorite of president Pompidou (sorry if you are an admirer of Centre Pompidou). His successor, Giscard d’Estaing, was of the old school. His view was that buildings should not be obtrusive. He stopped the high rise programs and enacted a law that no building should be higher than the average of its neighbouring buildings. Exception: the business district at La Défense.
高樓大廈和醜陋的現代建築是蓬皮杜總統的最愛（對不起◕✘·，如果你是蓬皮杜中心的崇拜者）↟↟☁。他的繼任者季斯卡爾·德斯坦則屬於守舊派↟↟☁。他的觀點是◕✘·，建築不應該是礙眼的↟↟☁。他停止了高層建築專案◕✘·，並頒佈了一項法律◕✘·，規定任何建築都不得高於其相鄰建築的平均水平↟↟☁。例外↟•│◕：拉德芳斯商業區↟↟☁。
原創翻譯↟•│◕：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請註明出處
Actually, in Paris, we do have some towers and skycrapers.
This is La Defense. You know what? Oui, we have many skycrapers there.
But that’s it. You know what? Many people also know that, Paris is the site of historical living evidence. With much part of French history. Paris is like that.
In the medi empire, France’s Paris was a center of European civilization and culture. Paris has more historical site than the other European capitals, comparing to London, Berlin, Rome or Madrid.
This is why people feel, skycrapers will destroy the natural beauty of Paris. So we don’t want to ruin it. Of course for Paris.
Even Dietrich von Choltitz had refused to destroy Paris, because he loved the city and the historical sites there. So we know it clear.
事實上◕✘·，在巴黎◕✘·，我們確實有一些大廈和摩天大樓↟↟☁。
這裡是拉德芳斯↟↟☁。你知道嗎·▩▩☁？是的◕✘·，我們那裡有很多摩天大樓↟↟☁。
但僅此而已↟↟☁。你知道嗎·▩▩☁？很多人還知道◕✘·，巴黎是歷史活生生的見證地↟↟☁。擁有大部分法國曆史↟↟☁。這就是巴黎↟↟☁。
在中世紀帝國時期◕✘·，法國的巴黎是歐洲文明和文化的中心↟↟☁。與倫敦₪☁▩、柏林₪☁▩、羅馬或馬德里相比◕✘·，巴黎比其他歐洲首都擁有更多的歷史遺蹟↟↟☁。這就是為什麼人們覺得◕✘·，摩天大樓會破壞巴黎的自然美景↟↟☁。所以我們不想破壞它↟↟☁。當然是為了巴黎↟↟☁。
甚至迪特里希·馮·肖爾鐵茨也拒絕摧毀巴黎◕✘·，因為他熱愛這座城市和那裡的歷史遺蹟↟↟☁。所以我們都很清楚了↟↟☁。
Sorrybut Paris has no more historical sites than Rome… probably Berlin, possibly London… but Rome? The cradle of western civilization? the capital of the known world for not centuries but millennia? It’s almost impossible to build an underground in Rome because of archaeologists getting crazy whenever a hole is dug…
And i’m from Milan, we’ve no love for our capital, but “Reddite quae sunt Caesaris Caesari et quae sunt Dei Deo”
對不起◕✘·，巴黎的歷史遺蹟並不比羅馬多......可能比柏林多◕✘·，可能比倫敦多......但羅馬·▩▩☁？西方文明的搖籃·▩▩☁？已知世界不是幾個世紀而是幾千年的首都·▩▩☁？在羅馬建造地下建築幾乎是不可能的◕✘·，因為每當挖一個洞◕✘·，考古學家就會發瘋......
我來自米蘭◕✘·，我們不愛我們的首都◕✘·，但是"Reddite quae sunt Caesaris Caesari et quae sunt Dei Deo（凱撒的歸凱撒;上帝的歸上帝）"
Maybe so, but it has many blood there.
This is what we respect for our capital. Of course might not be so fame like Milan or Rome, but, that’s Paris.
也許是這樣◕✘·，但那裡有過很多血腥↟↟☁。
這就是我們對我們的首都的尊重↟↟☁。當然◕✘·，可能不像米蘭或羅馬那麼有名◕✘·，但是◕✘·，這就是巴黎↟↟☁。
Sure, I lived in Paris and i understand what you are saying… but most of European cities are permeated of history and culture as much as Paris. Though Paris has (had) a central role in European, French and world history
當然◕✘·，我住在巴黎◕✘·，我理解你的意思......但大多數歐洲城市都像巴黎一樣滲透著歷史和文化↟↟☁。雖然巴黎在歐洲₪☁▩、法國和世界歷史上都有（曾經有）核心作用
Rome has obviously many historical sites. But you can not really compare as Paris is huge compare to Rome. Being much bigger, it has many more historical sites than Rome.
羅馬顯然有很多歷史遺蹟↟↟☁。但你不能真正比較兩者◕✘·，因為與羅馬相比◕✘·，巴黎很大↟↟☁。由於大得多◕✘·，它的歷史遺蹟比羅馬多得多↟↟☁。
Depending on your definition of historical, but according to the UNESCO you are wrong. Paris has only one Unesco world site, whereas the ENTIRE historical city center + San paolo fuori le mura are considered world heritage sites.
Rome CANNOT build the underground due to archaeological concerns, Rome has been and still is the center of the Christian world for 2000 years, the center of the empire for more than 1000 and one of the two, but surely the most stable, source of temporal power around europe (the other being the site of the empire, being it the franks’ or the HRE)
Also, size wise, the two cities are absoluely comparable. The urban settlemen oustide the city is probably in favour of paris, but the city per se is not.
取決於你對歷史的定義◕✘·，但根據聯合國教科文組織的定義◕✘·，你錯了↟↟☁。巴黎只有一個聯合國教科文組織世界遺址◕✘·，而羅馬整個歷史悠久的市中心 + 聖保羅大教堂都被認為是世界遺產↟↟☁。
由於考古問題◕✘·，羅馬不能建造地下建築◕✘·，羅馬已經並且仍然是基督教世界的中心超過2000 年◕✘·，作為帝國的中心超過 1000 年◕✘·，而且是歐洲兩個最穩定的世俗權力來源之一（另一個是帝國的所在地◕✘·，無論是法蘭克帝國還是神聖羅馬帝國）↟↟☁。
此外◕✘·，就規模而言◕✘·，這兩個城市絕對具有可比性↟↟☁。城市外的城市定居者可能支援巴黎◕✘·，但城市本身卻並非如此↟↟☁。
Jens Bo
You are right if you only consider the municipality of Paris, but Paris municipality is only the city center. For example, major historical sites like Versailles or Fontainbleau are not strictly speaking in Paris but in Greater Paris. Also, La Defense skyscrapers are not strictly in Paris but in Greater Paris. This is the physical reality of both cities at the same scale :
如果你只考慮巴黎市的情況◕✘·，你是對的◕✘·，但巴黎市只是市中心↟↟☁。例如◕✘·，像凡爾賽或楓丹白露這樣的主要歷史遺蹟嚴格來說並不在巴黎◕✘·，而是在大巴黎↟↟☁。另外◕✘·，拉德芳斯的摩天大樓嚴格來說也不在巴黎◕✘·，而是在大巴黎↟↟☁。這是兩個城市在同一規模下的物理現實↟•│◕：
Alessandro Fuga
Most of the historical sites are not in the greater urban area. If you consider Versailles and fontainbleau then i shall consider also Hadrian’s villa or similar sites outside the city. Doesn’t change my answer anyway, The number of historical sites is nowhere close to comparison. Still, we are talking about two cultural capitals.
大部分的歷史遺蹟都不在大都市區內↟↟☁。如果你考慮凡爾賽宮和楓丹白露◕✘·，那麼我也會考慮哈德良的別墅或城市以外的類似地點↟↟☁。這並不能改變我的答案◕✘·，巴黎的歷史遺蹟數量遠遠不能與之相比↟↟☁。不過◕✘·，我們談論的是兩個文化之都↟↟☁。
Sorry but Medi Paris was destroyed under Napoleon III and Hausmann so what you have now is largely 19th century. In comparison a lot more was preserved in the far smaller Bruges which did keep a lot more of its old patrimonium and as thus became UNESCO heritage for the whole historical center. The reason of course being that after the 15th century the city became of no importance at all (before that economically it was more important than Paris)
對不起◕✘·，中世紀的巴黎在拿破崙三世的統治和豪斯曼的統治下被摧毀◕✘·，所以你現在擁有的主要是19世紀的東西↟↟☁。相比之下◕✘·，小得多的布魯日保留了更多的古老遺產◕✘·，並因此整個市中心都成為聯合國教科文組織認定的遺產↟↟☁。當然◕✘·，原因是在15世紀之後◕✘·，這個城市變得一點都不重要了（在那之前◕✘·，它在經濟上比巴黎更重要）↟↟☁。
Firstly Paris has skyscrapers in La Défense which is a large business district with a lot of skyscrapers.
However Paris - just like many other European cities - has no skyscrapers in the city center. And there are two reasons for that. One is common for many European cities and the other one is unique for Paris.
Firstly Paris - just like many other European cities - has a historical city center. And since this city center wasn’t destroyed in a war (e.g. WW2) there was no need to rebuild it. Europeans are generally proud on their rich history so they the old buildings remain which create the beautiful scenery of the European cities. And this is something which also attracts lot of tourists (= lot of money).
Even cities like Warsaw or Dresden which were completely destroyed in WW2 were rebuild with replicas of their historical city centers. The only exception is Frankfurt which has skyscrapers even in the city center.
首先巴黎在拉德芳斯有摩天大樓◕✘·，拉德芳斯是一個有很多摩天大樓的大型商業區↟↟☁。
然而巴黎--就像許多其他歐洲城市一樣--在市中心沒有摩天大樓↟↟☁。而這有兩個原因↟↟☁。一個是許多歐洲城市的共同點◕✘·，另一個是巴黎的獨特之處↟↟☁。
首先◕✘·，巴黎--就像許多其他歐洲城市一樣--有一個歷史悠久的城市中心↟↟☁。由於這個城市中心沒有在戰爭中被摧毀（如第二次世界大戰）◕✘·，所以沒有必要重建它↟↟☁。歐洲人通常對他們豐富的歷史感到自豪◕✘·，所以他們保留了古老的建築◕✘·，創造了歐洲城市的美麗風景↟↟☁。而這也是吸引大量遊客（=大量金錢）的原因↟↟☁。
即使像華沙或德累斯頓這樣在二戰中被完全摧毀的城市◕✘·，也在重建時複製了他們的歷史城市中心↟↟☁。唯一的例外是法蘭克福◕✘·，它甚至在市中心也有摩天大樓↟↟☁。
These tunnels are so large that it basically weakened the structural integrity of the old city which is now the city center. Sometimes buildings even collapse because their foundations are weakened because of these tunnels.
Skyscrappers are massive, heavy and require stable foundations. But because of these tunnels Paris city center doesn’t have them (check Inside France's Empire of the Dead... startling images of the skulls and bones that line catacombs under Paris).
If someone would try to build a skyscraper in the Paris city center, the building would collapse because the foundations would be too unstable to support the massive construction.
巴黎市中心沒有摩天大樓的第二個原因是巴黎的地下墓穴↟↟☁。從羅馬帝國時期開始◕✘·，人們就在巴黎地下挖掘隧道↟↟☁。這些隧道被用作墓地₪☁▩、骨灰盒和各種罪犯和叛亂分子的藏身之處↟↟☁。
這些隧道是如此之大◕✘·，以至於基本上削弱了老城區的結構完整性◕✘·，也就是現在的城市中心↟↟☁。有時◕✘·，建築物甚至會因為這些隧道削弱了其地基而倒塌↟↟☁。
摩天大樓是巨大的◕✘·，沉重的◕✘·，需要穩定的地基↟↟☁。但由於這些隧道◕✘·，巴黎市中心建不了摩天大樓↟↟☁。
如果有人試圖在巴黎市中心建造一棟摩天大樓◕✘·，大樓將會倒塌◕✘·，因為地基太不穩定◕✘·，無法支撐巨大的建築↟↟☁。